Evaluation des systemes d’irrigation des cultures de Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench et Cucumis sativus L. sur le site maraîcher de Bougoum, au 5ème arrondissement de Niamey (niger, Afrique de l’Ouest)

Les rendements de deux espèces de cultures maraîchères, à savoir le gombo (Abelmoschus esculentus) et le concombre (Cucumis sativus) ont été évalués selon quatre systèmes d’irrigation sur les sites maraîchers de Bougoum, à l’Ouest du Niger. Ainsi, les rendements moyens (T/ha) de la production du gombo par le système Traditionnel est le plus élevé (15,1 T/ha), suivi du système Jardin Tropical Africain (14,72 T/ha), ensuite par le système Goutte à Goutte (14,21 T/ha), puis le système par aspersion (8,38 T/ha). Ce dernier est le seul à ne pas donner un résultat comparable à ceux obtenus par la fédération des coopératives maraîchères du Niger (FCMN) qui est de l’ordre de 14 à 30 T/ha. Pour la culture du concombre, l’aspersion et le traditionnel ont donné des résultats satisfaisants, comparables aux résultats de la FCMN (30 à 80 T/ha) et dont les valeurs respectives sont 47,13 T/ha et 47,43 T/ha. Pour les systèmes Goutte à Goutte on obtient des faibles résultats qui pourraient être expliqués d’une part par les dégâts des vers de terre qui ont vidé le contenu des graines semées et d’autres parts l’effet de la chaleur sur les plantules.Mots-clés: irrigation, maraîchage, Bougoum, Niger, Afrique de l’OuestEnglish Title: Evaluation of irrigation systems Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench and Cucumis sativus L. cultures on site gardener from Bougoum, the 5th district of Niamey niger West AfricaEnglish AbstractYields of two species of vegetable crops, namely okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were investigated using four irrigation systems on the vegetable production sites of Bougoum, west of Niger. Thus, average yields (t/ha) production okra by the traditional system is found to be the highest (15.1 t/ha), followed by the system Jardin Tropical Africa (14.72 t/ha), followed by the Drip system (14.21 t/ha), and the sprinkler system (8.38 t/ha). The latter yielded results that cannot be compared to those obtained by the Federation of vegetable production cooperatives in Niger (FVPCN), which is estimated from 14 to 30 t/ha. Regarding the cultivation of cucumber, sprinkling and traditional yielded respectively 47.13 t/ha and 47.43 t/ha which are satisfactory results comparable to the results of FVPCN (from 30 to 80 t/ha. Finally, the Drip Drip systems yielded poor results, which could be explained not only by the damage of earthworms emptying the contents of the sown seeds, but also the heat effect on seedlings.Keywords: irrigation, vegetable production, Bougoum, Niger, West Afric

Effet du système de production sur l'âge au premier vêlage chez la vache Borgou au Bénin. – Etude rétrospective

Effect of Production Systems on Age at First Calving on Borgou Cow in Benin. -Retrospective Study. Data collected from "Monastère de l'Etoile" in department of Borgou in Benin, were used to evaluate the age at first calving of Borgou cow under two different production systems, i.e., extensive and semi-intensive. Production systems significantly affect age at first calving (p< 0.01): cow represented in the extensive system had a higher age at first calving than those presented in the semi-intensive system

acebayes: An R Package for Bayesian Optimal Design of Experiments via Approximate Coordinate Exchange

We describe the R package acebayes and demonstrate its use to find Bayesian optimal experimental designs. A decision-theoretic approach is adopted, with the optimal design maximizing an expected utility. Finding Bayesian optimal designs for realistic problems is challenging, as the expected utility is typically intractable and the design space may be high-dimensional. The package implements the approximate coordinate exchange algorithm to optimize (an approximation to) the expected utility via a sequence of conditional one-dimensional optimization steps. At each step, a Gaussian process regression model is used to approximate, and subsequently optimize, the expected utility as the function of a single design coordinate (the value taken by one controllable variable for one run of the experiment). In addition to functions for bespoke design problems with user-defined utility functions, acebayes provides functions tailored to finding designs for common generalized linear and nonlinear models. The package provides a step-change in the complexity of problems that can be addressed, enabling designs to be found for much larger numbers of variables and runs than previously possible. We provide tutorials on the application of the methodology for four illustrative examples of varying complexity where designs are found for the goals of parameter estimation, model selection and prediction. These examples demonstrate previously unseen functionality of acebayes

Tillaberi Slaughterhouse Discharges And Their Impact On The Niger River: A Physicochemical And Microbiological Analysis

The main objective of this work was to study the solid and liquid waste discharges of the slaughterhouse of the city of Tillabéri, and their impacts on the Niger River. To do so, the identification and quantification of the solid waste of the slaughterhouse were carried out in the first step, then the physical, chemical, and microbiological characterization of the liquid discharges of the slaughterhouse and of the river water in the second step. The results obtained showed that the slaughterhouse in the urban commune of Tillabéri produced an average of 156.1 ± 41.1 kg of solid waste per day, divided into four groups: 133 kg of stercoral, 19.7 kg of seized organs, 1.9 kg of plastic and 1.4 kg of skin pieces. The average values obtained after physic-chemical and microbiological characterization of the liquid waste are as follows pH (7.08 ± 0.15), Temperature (28.6 ± 0.49), Electrical conductivity (985 ±184.1 µS/cm), COD (12860 ± 3831.8mg/l), BOD (5338 ± 1572.05mg/l), Suspended Solid (835 ± 258.7mg/l) Cl- (81.5 ± 1.3 mg/l), NO3- (0.66 ± 0.97mg/l). The BOD5/COD ratio is about 0.41. After microbiological characterization of these liquid discharges, (3.1.104 cfu) of E. coli, (3.104 cfu) of fecal coliforms, and (6.1.108 cfu) of total coliforms were found. The physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the river water showed that most of the physicochemical parameters comply with the WHO limits, except for BOD5 and COD, which have fairly high average values of (62.5 ± 47.06mg/l) and (200 ± 110.1mg/l) respectively. The E. coli found are of the order of 5.6.104 cfu, however, there are no fecal coliforms in these waters. All these values indicate that the river water is polluted. This pollution would come from the discharges of the slaughterhouse

Behavior of cereal’s varieties in the presence of Heterodera avenae woll (heteroderidae, tylenchida) cyst nematode in Tiaret Area (Algeria)

The behaviour of cereals varieties (Ofanto, Waha and Vitron for durum wheat; Anza and HD1120 for bread wheat and Saida with Acsad for barly) were tested towards Heterodera avenae. The analysis of the variance reveals that the nematode has an effect on the development of durum wheat for the number of ear per seedling and the weight of thousand seeds, with respectively: P = 0, 0033 and P = 0,000, for the infested varieties and the witnesses. Common wheat shows a highly significant difference (P= 0, 0000) for the varieties infested and pilot and of the same for the barley, but with a significant difference with: P= 0,0002, between the varieties of barley. The two varieties of barley were different when with the weight from 1000grains. The ACP of any species confers that Saida is the most sensitive variety followed by Ofanto and Anza to attack of this nematode.Keywords: Nematode; Heterodera; cereals; varieties; behaviou

The richness and diversity of Lepidoptera species in different habitats of the national Park Theniet El Had (Algeria)

The diversity of Lepidoptera in several habitats of the National Park Theniet El Had (P.N.T.E.H.) was studied during twelve months of the years 2015 and 2016 in several habitats and totalising 851 specimens belonging to 17 families, 9 super families and 60 species. Among these 31 butterflies and 35 moths were recorded. the clairière (grass fields) turned out to be the most species-rich with 54 species, followed by cédraie with 39 species, the yeusaie with 33 species, the suberaie with 30 species, the zénaie with 29 species and finally the pinaie with only 22 species. The family Nymphalidae was the most dominant one in the parc with 32.48%. The diversity index (H’ and H’max) and the equitability (E) calculated for the 6 types of habitats is H’= 2,74 bits, H’max = 4,09 bits and E = 0,67 bits, meaning that the Lepidoptera species are at equilibrium with the different types of habitat which were studied.Keywords: National Park; Theniet El Had; Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera; Heterocera; Diversity (H’); Equitability (E

Optimal designs for experiments for scalar-on-function linear models

The aim of this work is to extend the usual optimal experimental design paradigm to experiments where the settings of one or more factors are functions. For these new experiments, a design consists of combinations of functions for each run of the experiment along with settings for non-functional variables. After briefly introducing the class of functional variables, basis function systems are described. Basis function expansion is applied to a functional linear model consisting of both functional and scalar factors, reducing the problem to an optimisation problem of a single design matrix

Bilan D’activités De 10 Ans De Pratique D’endoscopie Urologique Au Niger : Résultats, Défis Et Perspectives

But: Rapporter les résultats de la pratique d’endoscopie urologique au Niger, recenser les défis et annoncer les perspectives. Matériels et Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive rétrospective allant du 1er janvier 2010 au 31 décembre 2019 portant sur les dossiers des patients ayant bénéficié de procédures endoscopiques urologiques. L’étude s’est déroulée sur quatre sites du pays qui disposaient de matériel endoscopique urologique. Les paramètres sont : les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des patients, le type de procédure endoscopique, les indications, les résultats. Résultat: Au total 5806 gestes chirurgicaux dont 535 procédures endoscopiques ont été réalisés sur la période d’étude. Treize (13) dossiers incomplets ont été exclus. Les activités endoscopiques constituaient 9,21% de l’ensemble des activités chirurgicales. L’âge moyen des patients était de 49,60 ans avec un écart type de 18,15 et la tranche d’âge [41-60 ans] était la plus représentée avec 36,21%. Le sexe ratio était de 2,4 en faveur de l’homme. L’endoscopie était diagnostique dans 90,04%. L’urétrocystoscopie était la procédure la plus pratiquée (88,70%) suivie de l’urétrotomie interne endoscopique (UIE) (4,21%). La résection trans urétrale de la prostate (RTUP) et la résection trans urétrale de la vessie (RTUV) représentaient respectivement 0,96% et 1,34%. Les principales indications de l’urétrocystoscopie étaient l’hématurie avec 245 cas soit 52,91% suivie des SBAU avec 113 cas soit 24,40%. Les résultats de l’urétrocystoscopie étaient dominés par les tumeurs de vessie (31,10%) ; l’hypertrophie prostatique (17,71 %). Conclusion : L’urétrocystoscopie domine la pratique de l’endoscopie au Niger. Le véritable problème demeure le manque de matériels d’où la nécessité d’équiper les différents services d’urologie du pays. Aim: To report the results of the practice of urological endoscopy in Niger, identify the challenges, and to announce the prospects. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019 on the records of patients who underwent urological endoscopic procedure. The study took place at four sites across the country that had urologic endoscopic equipment. The parameters studied were: the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, the type of endoscopic procedure, the indications, and the results. Results: A total of 5,806 surgical procedures, including 535 endoscopic procedures, were performed over the study period. Thirteen (13) incomplete files were excluded. Endoscopic activities constituted 9.21% of all surgical activities. The mean age of the patients was 49.60 years with a standard deviation of 18.15 and the age group [41-60 years] was the most represented with 36.21%. The sex ratio was 2.4 in favor of the male. Endoscopy was diagnostic in 90.04%. Urethrocystoscopy was the most frequently performed procedure (88.70%) followed by endoscopic internal urethrotomy (EIU) (4.21%). Transurethral resection of the prostate TURP and transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) accounted for 0.96% and 1.34%, respectively. The main indications for urethrocystoscopy were hematuria with 245 cases (52.91%), followed by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with 113 cases (24.40%). Urethrocystoscopy findings were dominated by bladder tumors (31.10%) and prostatic hypertrophy (17.71%). Conclusion: Urethrocystoscopy dominates the practice of endoscopy in Niger. The real problem remains the lack of materials. Hence, there is the need to equip the various urology services in the country

Crowdsourcing Linked Data on listening experiences through reuse and enhancement of library data

Research has approached the practice of musical reception in a multitude of ways, such as the analysis of professional critique, sales figures and psychological processes activated by the act of listening. Studies in the Humanities, on the other hand, have been hindered by the lack of structured evidence of actual experiences of listening as reported by the listeners themselves, a concern that was voiced since the early Web era. It was however assumed that such evidence existed, albeit in pure textual form, but could not be leveraged until it was digitised and aggregated. The Listening Experience Database (LED) responds to this research need by providing a centralised hub for evidence of listening in the literature. Not only does LED support search and reuse across nearly 10,000 records, but it also provides machine-readable structured data of the knowledge around the contexts of listening. To take advantage of the mass of formal knowledge that already exists on the Web concerning these contexts, the entire framework adopts Linked Data principles and technologies. This also allows LED to directly reuse open data from the British Library for the source documentation that is already published. Reused data are re-published as open data with enhancements obtained by expanding over the model of the original data, such as the partitioning of published books and collections into individual stand-alone documents. The database was populated through crowdsourcing and seamlessly incorporates data reuse from the very early data entry phases. As the sources of the evidence often contain vague, fragmentary of uncertain information, facilities were put in place to generate structured data out of such fuzziness. Alongside elaborating on these functionalities, this article provides insights into the most recent features of the latest instalment of the dataset and portal, such as the interlinking with the MusicBrainz database, the relaxation of geographical input constraints through text mining, and the plotting of key locations in an interactive geographical browser